Archive for March, 2010

Dave Curran B.leaf post: Brightleaf and Foley Lardner Entrepreneurship Talks off to Great Start

Wednesday, March 31st, 2010

Here’s a b.leaf post from our Dave Curran about the very successful launch of the Entrepreneurship Talks program series with Foley Lardner..

Well it happened!  Gabor and I had a great first conversation during the launch of the Entrepreneurship Talks™ Program. (Click Here to download the recorded event) The time went by so quickly.  We got a bunch of questions but were only able to answer  a few of them.  The Program seems to have hit a nerve.  There are lots of people (more than 300 people signed up for the Program) in the Entrepreneurial ecosystem who are looking for plain talk about common and often bewildering issues – particularly core legal issues.  Interestingly, it’s not just business people.  Sometimes  advisors and mentors themselves find this area somewhat of thicket and will try to answer questions – not in their domain – so that the entrepreneurs keep moving. I’ve met many a lawyer will answer a question about marketing with a preface like “I’m not a marketing expert, but have you tried the following…”  This can sometimes be counterproductive and confusing to someone who’s got a great business idea but not necessarily deep experience in a particular area or market.

We got lots of comments from entrepreneurs who have been intimidated or unhappy about their interactions with lawyers.  Let’s face it, most lawyers didn’t go to charm school on their way to law school.  They’re often brilliant subject matter experts, but have some gaps on the interpersonal skills side.  That’s why I really enjoy working with Gabor.  He’s extremely knowledgeable, but also knows how to relate the legal world to the student who’s working on a very cool software business, or the inventor who’s developed an innovative tech solution for a business problem.

I’m a recovering lawyer who’s run several technology businesses; and I’ve also helped buy dozens of founder-based companies and tried to integrate them into larger companies (that’s the subject for a future blog because it hasn’t always been pretty).  In future Programs, we plan to share some real world experiences.  I like to think of it as land mine avoidance techniques that have been distilled from years of experience.  The goal is to give you enough information so that you can move forward prudently with your business. 

Watch this space for answers to questions generated by the Program. 

In the meantime, we’re gearing up for the next session – date TBD – that will focus on Intellectual Property.  So, if you have questions about trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets; how to create them, protect them, license them, etc., please send them to me to include in the Program.  We’ll have a guest who’s run businesses and has grappled with real world IP matters. 

Talk soon.

Dave

Jenga, the “Ellen” show audience, a 274-word charter sentence, and a wine that tastes like strawberries, asparagus, and Dutch cheese.

Wednesday, March 31st, 2010

Sometimes, something just jumps out from the background at you. Like a guy in an “Ellen” audience, even if there’s nothing technically wrong with it,  some stuff just feels anomalous–out of place–and it causes your subconscious to wake up and say, “Huh? What is that doing there?”

Which I guess is how I came to notice the sentence at the bottom of this post. Despite its relatively vanilla meaning, the sentence, from a Delaware corporation’s Amended and Revised Certificate of Incorporation, somehow managed to swell to include 10 commas, 23 references to existing defined terms, three newly defined terms, and a corpulent 274 words. 

 274. 

People…is this really necessary?

Now, I recognize that the language comprising a best practices charter document has built up by accretion over the years.  And I get that our profession’s reverence for precedent means that at bonus time your firm’s compensation committee won’t be parceling out Distributable Net Income based on terseness in drafting  (“Bravo, Smathers…wonderful show of concision this year. Keep slashing away at the thicket of multi-level qualifiers; you’ll make partner in no time!!!”).   Still though, the twin goals of drafting should be:

1. To cover content thoroughly and unambiguously, and

2. To ensure that you have covered that content in an efficient enough manner so that your intended readers can readily comprehend it in a consistent way and can then conform their actions accordingly. 

The 274-word sentence might technically satisfy criterium #1, but it’s a total architectural fail on #2.  At some point, as qualifiying subordinate clause piles onto qualifying subordinate clause, this swaying Jenga-tower constructions comes crashing down on its readers.  If you ask your clients what they think when you draft 274-word sentences, I’d bet a surprising number of them would accuse you of being needlessly (and perhaps, intentionally) arcane. 

Here’s what it’s like…Remember the first wine-tasting in the movie “Sideways,” where Paul Giamatti’s cranky connossieur character described one offering as tasting like strawberries  but also having ”just like the faintest soupçon of like asparagus and just a flutter of a…like a,…a…a nutty Edam cheese?”  Put aside for a moment how unappealing this combination of tastes might actually be (“Seriously? Strawberries, asparagus, and nutty, waxed Dutch cheese?  Together? In a drink? Yummers.  I’ll take two cases!”).  Here’s the lesson to take from this scene:  sometimes experts, in trying to express their expertise with exacting specificity, totally foresake comprehensibility and accessibility.  Your clients do not want to read 274-word sentences any more than they want to drink wine that taste like it has asparagus and cheese in it. Lawyers, like Giamatti’s connossieur, can get a little word-drunk on their own capacity for complexity. 

[My almost-totally facetious solution?  Let lawyers bill by the sentence.  Let them charge more if they can split their thoughts into smaller and more digestible pieces.  In no time you'll have a generation of AmLaw Hemingways dropping their lean, hard prose into charter and transaction documents everywhere. ]

Here it is:

“In the event of a Deemed Liquidation Event referred to in Subsection 2.3.1(a)(ii) or 2.3.1(b), if the Corporation does not effect a dissolution of the Corporation under the General Corporation Law within 90 days after such Deemed Liquidation Event, then (i) the Corporation shall send a written notice (the “Redemption Notice”) to each holder of Preferred Stock no later than the 90th day after the Deemed Liquidation Event advising such holders of their right (and the requirements to be met to secure such right) pursuant to the terms of the following clause (ii) to require the redemption of such shares of Preferred Stock, and (iii) if the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Preferred Stock so request in a written instrument delivered to the Corporation not later than 120 days after such Deemed Liquidation Event, the Corporation shall use the consideration received by the Corporation for such Deemed Liquidation Event (net of any retained liabilities associated with the assets sold or technology licensed, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Corporation), together with any other assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders (the “Available Proceeds”), to the extent legally available therefor, on the 150th day after such Deemed Liquidation Event (the “Redemption Date”), to redeem all outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to the Series B Liquidation Amount, of Series A Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to the Series A Liquidation Amount and of Series A-1 Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to the Series A-1 Liquidation Amount.”

Foley & Lardner Partners with Brightleaf’s Dave Curran on Entrepreneurship Talks

Monday, March 1st, 2010

Foley & Lardner announced today that it was lauching an online teaching series called “Entrepreneurship Talks: An Interactive Learning Audio Conference Series Focused on Emerging Companies and Start-Ups.”   From the official release, it looks like there will be at least four separate talks in the series, starting off with March 23rd’s “You’ve Launched Your Business…Now What??

Even better, Entrepreneurship Talks will be hosted by Foley’s Gabor Garai and Brightleaf’s Dave Curran.  Gabor’s absolutely undoubtedly one of the best attorneys in Boston, and he speaks with clarity and insight about issues facing new businesses. Dave is a multi-talented business executive with deep and uniquely diverse experience in the business and law of growth-stage companies (and we’re not just saying that so he’ll be nice to us in the hallways).

It should be fascinating.  Be sure to sign up and listen in.

Some lawyers are paid to get deals done; others (at NBC) are paid to get them undone

Monday, March 1st, 2010

[Author's note:  While I pretty clearly have a side in the topic debated below, I'm not in a position to discuss any inside information.  Instead, I'm just pointing out some of the underreported facts that have--finally--bubbled up to the surface.]

The Conan O’Brien-Jay Leno contretemps seems to have settled somewhat:  Leno’s off the air until after the Olympics; Conan’s off the air until…well. at least until his non-competition agreement expires in September.  So, what better time to look back at one of the many factual issues that the new media got wrong during this whole mess: namely, what if anything that Conan’s contract said about when “The Tonight Show’s” timeslot.

It was generally reported last month that NBC was able to push Conan out of TTS’s traditional 11:35 airing and past midnight because his contract didn’t specify that he was entitled to any particular timeslot.  This tidbit was reported over and over again and was basically accepted as gospel truth by all media outlets. While it might initially seem peripheral, this was actually a  critical inflection point for the outcome of this entire debacle:  if NBC was free to move Conan’s show, then Conan would have been in breach of his contract by failing to accede to any such move.  But if Conan had a contractual right to 11:35, then NBC would have been in breach if they forced one.  

So, when NBC basically had to pay out the entire value of the contract and only got a meaningless seven-month noncompete in return (meaningless in that it would take more than seven months to get a new show together, so the non-compete wouldn’t actually slow anything down at all), it probably should have served as a pretty strong signal to the press that Conan indeed had a contractual right to keep his timeslot.  Instead, the press all whiffed on this…

…until this article came out the other day.  Written by Matthew Belloni, legal correspondent for The Hollywood Reporter, it contains the first public screening of the actual contents of Conan’s contract (at least in so far as they pertain to the timeslow issue).  Here’s Matthew’s scoop:

 1956-present:    The Tonight Show airs immediately after the late local news. 

Pre-2002:             Conan’s contract  as host of the 12:35 “Late Night with Conan O’Brien” defines “Late Night” as “the second show” after the late local news (The Tonight Show being the first)

 2002:                     Conan signs an amendment to that contract, which promised that he’ll succeed Leno as host of the Tonight Show whenever Leno stepped down.  The amendment expressly defines “Tonight Show” as that thing that airs on NBC at “11:35 PM.”  So, Conan’s contract now contains two separate references that place TTS at 11:35.

2004:                     Conan signs another amendment saying that he’ll take over “The Tonight Show” in mid-2009.  This amendment doesn’t mention timeslot at all, leaving the existing references intact.

2010:                     NBC is forced to cancel ‘The Jay Leno Show’ (where they had parked Jay after Conan took over TTS) by an impending affiliate revolt.  But, Jay’s contract specifies a $150M liquidated damages payment if NBC doesn’t keep JLS on the air at least two years.  So, NBC has to pay him or appease him.   And for appeasement, Jay selects “I’ll go back to 11:35.”   (Do not get me started on his “I had nothing to do with this decision” act).  To accomodate this, NBC tells Conan that they’re moving himand TTS  past midnight.  Conan says that he’s less than wild about the idea.  NBC responds that because the 2004 amendment didn’t mention the timeslot subject at all, they are free to place TTS wherever they want. 

So, basically, NBC was arguing that that when a contractual amendment is silent on an issue, it somehow by that silence invalidates all previous definitions in that contract or any if that contracts earlier earlier amendments.  Also, the silence invalidates 16 years of custom-and-usage dealings between the parties and  54 years of widely-held general cultural understanding about when the Tonight Show aired. 

Legal drafting experts everywhere still haven’t stopped throwing up.   Course of dealing?  Gone.  Ambiguity construed against the drafter?  Gone?  Plain meaning?  You’re outta here.  Consensus ad item?  See ya’ later. 

NBC’s logical position translates to this:   the law of the land is that amendments to any base contract must restate all the defined terms within that contract and all defined terms within any earlier amendments or those defined terms will be invalid. 

As it turned out, their near-total capitulation during separation negotiations shows that this position was basically a (pretty lame) bluff. 

Wonder what happens next???